Occupational Hygiene Management Regulations in the Workplace

How should medical staff perform personal protection during the epidemic? Medical staff are the main force in the prevention and control of the epidemic. In the process of fighting the virus, they need to wear medical surgical masks, medical protective masks, protective glasses or face screens, medical protective clothing, isolation gowns, medical gloves, and disposable waterproof shoe covers. , Waterproof boots.

If you use a full-face gas mask or an electric long-tube respirator, you do not need to wear protective glasses and medical protective masks. In addition, medical staff also need to consciously protect themselves to effectively reduce the risk of medical staff's occupational exposure.

How should medical staff do personal protection during the epidemic?

1. Good Hand Hygiene The "Regulations on the Management of Occupational Hygiene in the Workplace" were reviewed and approved at the second committee meeting on December 4, 2020, and will come into force on February 1, 2021. At the same time, the "Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Workplace Occupational Health" promulgated by the former State Administration of Work Safety on April 27, 2012 shall be repealed at the same time. In order to strengthen the main responsibility of employers for occupational disease prevention, prevent and control occupational disease hazards, and protect workers' health and related rights and interests, the "Regulations on Occupational Health Management in Workplaces" are formulated in accordance with the "Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China" and other laws and administrative regulations.

Occupational Hygiene Management Regulations in the Workplace

Chapter 1 General Rules

Article 1 In order to strengthen occupational health management, strengthen the main responsibility of employers for occupational disease prevention, prevent and control occupational disease hazards, and protect workers’ health and related rights and interests, this is formulated in accordance with the "Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases" and other laws and administrative regulations. Regulation.

Article 2 The supervision and management of occupational disease prevention and health departments of employers shall apply these regulations.

Article 3 Employers shall strengthen the prevention and control of occupational diseases, provide workers with working environment and conditions that comply with laws, regulations, rules, national occupational health standards and hygiene requirements, and take effective measures to protect workers' occupational health.

Article 4 The employing unit is the main body responsible for the prevention and control of occupational diseases, and is responsible for the occupational disease hazards caused by its own unit.

The principal person in charge of the employing unit is fully responsible for the prevention and control of occupational diseases of the unit.

Article 5 The National Health Commission shall be responsible for the supervision and management of occupational health of employers nationwide in accordance with the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases" and the responsibilities stipulated by the State Council.

The local health authorities at or above the county level are responsible for the supervision and management of occupational health of employers in their respective administrative areas in accordance with the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases" and the responsibilities stipulated by the people's government at the same level.

Article 6 Occupational health technical service institutions that provide technical services for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases shall provide technical services to employers in accordance with the requirements of relevant national laws, regulations, standards and norms for the management of occupational health technical service institutions.

Article 7 All units and individuals have the right to report to the health and health authorities the violations of these regulations and occupational hazards by employers.

 

Chapter II Responsibilities of Employers

Article 8 Employers with serious occupational disease hazards shall establish or designate occupational health management institutions or organizations, and allocate full-time occupational health management personnel.

For other employers with occupational disease hazards, if there are more than one hundred employees, they should set up or designate an occupational health management agency or organization with full-time occupational health management personnel; if there are less than one hundred employees, they should be equipped with full-time or part-time occupations. Health management personnel are responsible for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in their own units.

Article 9 The main person in charge and occupational health management personnel of the employing unit shall possess occupational health knowledge and management capabilities suitable for the production and operation activities of the unit, and receive occupational health training.

Occupational hygiene training for the main person in charge and occupational hygiene management personnel of the employing unit shall include the following main contents:

(1) Occupational health related laws, regulations, rules and national occupational health standards;

(2) Basic knowledge of the prevention and control of occupational disease hazards;

(3) Knowledge about occupational health management;

(4) Other contents stipulated by the National Health Commission.

Article 10 Employers shall provide workers with occupational hygiene training before starting their jobs and regular occupational hygiene training during their on-the-job period, popularize occupational hygiene knowledge, and urge workers to abide by the laws, regulations, rules, national occupational hygiene standards and operating procedures for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. .

Employers shall conduct specialized occupational hygiene training for workers in positions where occupational disease hazards are serious, and only after passing the training can they start operations.

If the occupational disease hazard factors that workers are exposed to change due to changes in process, technology, equipment, materials, or job adjustments, the employer shall re-train workers on occupational hygiene before taking up their jobs.

Article 11 Employers with occupational disease hazards shall formulate occupational disease hazard prevention and control plans and implementation plans, and establish and improve the following occupational health management systems and operating procedures:

(1) The responsibility system for the prevention and control of occupational disease hazards;

(2) Occupational disease hazard warning and notification system;

(3) Occupational disease hazard project declaration system;

(4) Occupational disease prevention and control publicity, education and training system;

(5) The maintenance and repair system of occupational disease protection facilities;

(6) Occupational disease protection equipment management system;

(7) Occupational disease hazard monitoring and evaluation management system;

(8) "Three Simultaneous" management system for occupational disease protection facilities in construction projects;

(9) Occupational health surveillance of workers and its file management system;

(10) Occupational disease hazard accident handling and reporting system;

(11) Occupational disease hazard emergency rescue and management system;

(12) Operating procedures for post occupational hygiene;

(13) Other occupational disease prevention and control systems prescribed by laws, regulations and rules.

Article 12 The workplace of an employer that causes occupational disease hazards shall meet the following basic requirements:

(1) The production layout is reasonable, and harmful operations are separated from non-hazardous operations;

(2) The working place is separated from the living place, and no people are allowed to live in the working place;

(3) Having effective protective facilities suitable for the prevention and control of occupational diseases;

(4) The intensity or concentration of the occupational disease hazard factors meets the national occupational health standards;

(5) There are complete sanitary facilities such as changing rooms, bathing rooms, rest rooms for pregnant women, etc.;

(6) Equipment, tools, utensils and other facilities meet the requirements for protecting the physical and mental health of workers;

(7) Other provisions of laws, regulations, rules and national occupational health standards.

Article 13 If the employer’s workplace has occupational disease hazard factors listed in the occupational disease catalogue, it shall, in accordance with the provisions of the "Occupational Disease Hazard Project Reporting Measures", report the occupational disease hazard project to the local health authority in a timely and truthful manner, and accept the health supervisor Departmental supervision and inspection.

Article 14: Where occupational disease hazards may occur in newly-built, rebuilt, or expanded engineering construction projects, technological transformation, and technology introduction projects (hereinafter collectively referred to as construction projects), the construction unit shall supervise and manage occupational disease protection facilities in accordance with the “Three Simultaneities” of relevant national construction projects. Provisions are made to conduct pre-evaluation of occupational disease hazards, design of occupational disease protection facilities, evaluation of occupational disease hazard control effects and corresponding reviews, and organize the acceptance of occupational disease protection facilities.

Article 15 Employers that produce occupational disease hazards shall set up a bulletin board in a conspicuous position to announce the rules and regulations, operating procedures, emergency rescue measures for occupational disease hazard accidents, and inspection results of occupational disease hazard factors in the workplace.

Workplaces, job posts, equipment, and facilities where occupational disease hazards exist or generate occupational disease hazards shall be set up in eye-catching positions with graphics, warning lines, warning statements and other warning signs and Chinese warning instructions in accordance with the "Workplace Occupational Disease Hazard Warning Signs" (GBZ158). . The warning statement shall specify the types of occupational disease hazards, consequences, prevention and emergency response measures, etc.

Work posts that contain or produce highly toxic substances should set up a highly toxic substance notification card in a conspicuous position in accordance with the "Regulations for Occupational Disease Hazard Notification of Highly Toxic Substance Jobs" (GBZ/T203). The notification card should contain highly toxic substances. Name, physical and chemical characteristics, health hazards, protective measures and emergency treatment, etc., to inform the content and warning signs.

Article 16 Employers shall provide workers with occupational disease protection products that meet the national occupational health standards, and urge and guide workers to wear and use them in accordance with the rules of use, and shall not issue money or materials to replace occupational disease protection products.

Employers shall regularly maintain and maintain occupational disease protection equipment to ensure that the protection equipment is effective, and must not use occupational disease protection equipment that does not meet the national occupational health standards or has expired.

Article 17 In toxic and harmful workplaces where acute occupational injuries may occur, the employer shall set up alarm devices and be equipped with on-site first aid supplies, flushing equipment, emergency evacuation channels and necessary danger relief areas.

On-site first aid supplies, washing equipment, etc. should be located in workplaces or nearby locations where acute occupational injuries may occur, and clear signs should be set up in eye-catching locations.

In a closed or semi-closed workplace where a large amount of hazardous substances may suddenly leak or escape, in addition to complying with the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article, the employer shall also install an accident ventilation device and a leak alarm interlocked with the accident exhaust system Device.

Places where radioisotopes and radiation devices are produced, sold, used, and stored shall have obvious radioactive signs in accordance with relevant national regulations, and their entrances shall be in accordance with the requirements of relevant national safety and protection standards, with safety and protection facilities and necessary protection and safety. Interlock, alarm device or working signal. The production, debugging and use sites of radioactive devices shall have safety measures to prevent misoperation and prevent accidental exposure of workers. The employer must be equipped with protective equipment and monitoring equipment suitable for the type of radiation and radiation level, including personal dose measurement alarms, fixed and portable radiation monitoring, surface pollution monitoring, effluent monitoring and other equipment, and ensure that workers who may be exposed to radiation Wear a personal dosimeter.

Article 18 Employers shall conduct regular maintenance, overhaul and maintenance of occupational disease protection equipment and emergency rescue facilities, and regularly test their performance and effects to ensure that they are in a normal state, and must not dismantle or stop using them without authorization.

Article 19 Employers with occupational disease hazards shall implement daily monitoring of occupational disease hazards in the workplace by designated personnel to ensure that the monitoring system is in a normal working state.

Article 20 Employers with serious occupational disease hazards shall entrust an occupational health technical service agency with corresponding qualifications to conduct occupational disease hazard factor testing at least once a year and conduct occupational disease hazard status assessment at least once every three years.

Employers with general occupational disease hazards shall entrust an occupational health technical service organization with corresponding qualifications to conduct occupational disease hazard factors inspection at least once every three years.

The test and evaluation results shall be stored in the occupational health files of the unit, and reported to the health and health authorities and announced to the workers.

Article 21 In the event of an occupational disease hazard accident or other circumstances specified by the National Health and Health Commission, an employer with occupational disease hazards shall promptly entrust an occupational health technical service institution with corresponding qualifications to conduct an occupational disease hazard status assessment.

The employer shall implement the recommendations and measures put forward in the evaluation report on the status quo of occupational disease hazards, and save the results of the evaluation of the status quo of occupational disease hazards and the rectification situation in the occupational health files of the unit.

Article 22 When the employer finds that the occupational disease hazard factors in the workplace do not meet the national occupational health standards and health requirements during the daily occupational disease hazard monitoring or regular inspection, and evaluation of the status quo, it shall immediately take corresponding control measures to ensure that it meets the occupational health standards and health requirements. The requirements of hygienic environment and conditions; those still failing to meet the national occupational hygiene standards and hygiene requirements must stop operations with occupational disease hazards; after the occupational disease hazards are treated, they can only resume operations if they meet the national occupational health standards and hygiene requirements .

Article 23 If an employer provides equipment that may cause occupational disease hazards, it shall provide a Chinese manual, and set up warning signs and warning instructions in Chinese in a conspicuous position of the equipment. The warning statement shall specify the equipment performance, possible occupational disease hazards, safety operation and maintenance precautions, occupational disease protection measures, etc.

The employer shall check the matters specified in the preceding paragraph and shall not use equipment that does not meet the requirements.

Article 24 If an employer provides chemicals, radioactive isotopes, and materials containing radioactive substances that may cause occupational disease hazards, Chinese instructions shall be provided. The instructions shall specify the product characteristics, main ingredients, existing harmful factors, possible harmful consequences, precautions for safe use, occupational disease protection and emergency treatment measures, etc. Product packaging should have eye-catching warning signs and warning instructions in Chinese. The places where the above-mentioned materials are stored shall set up dangerous goods signs or radioactive warning signs at the specified positions.

The employer shall check the matters specified in the preceding paragraph and shall not use materials that do not meet the requirements.

Article 25 No employer shall use equipment or materials that may cause occupational disease hazards that are expressly prohibited by the state.

Article 26 No unit or individual may transfer operations that cause occupational disease hazards to units or individuals that do not have the conditions for occupational disease protection. Units and individuals that do not have the conditions for occupational disease protection shall not accept operations that cause occupational disease hazards.

Article 27 Employers shall give priority to adopting new technologies, new techniques, new materials, and new equipment that are beneficial to the prevention and control of occupational disease hazards and protecting the health of workers, and gradually replace those technologies, processes, materials, and equipment that cause occupational disease hazards.

Article 28 The employing unit shall be aware of the occupational hazards that may be caused by the technologies, processes, materials, and equipment adopted, and adopt corresponding protective measures. If technologies, processes, equipment, and materials that have occupational disease hazards are used to deliberately conceal their hazards, the employer shall be responsible for the consequences of the occupational disease hazards.

Article 29 When an employer concludes a labor contract with a worker, it shall truthfully inform the worker of the occupational disease hazards and its consequences, occupational disease protection measures and treatments that may occur during the work process, and specify it in the labor contract, and shall not conceal it. Or cheating.

During the performance of the labor contract, the employer shall perform the duty of truthful notification to the laborer in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph when the laborer engages in an occupational disease hazard operation that is not notified in the labor contract due to changes in job position or work content during the performance of the labor contract, and Negotiate to change the relevant clauses of the original labor contract.

If the employer violates the provisions of this article, the worker has the right to refuse to engage in work that has occupational disease hazards, and the employer shall not terminate the labor contract with the worker for this reason.

Article 30 For workers engaged in work that is exposed to occupational disease hazards, the employer shall follow the "Employing Unit Occupational Health Monitoring and Supervision and Management Measures", the "Radiation Workers Occupational Health Management Measures", and the "Occupational Health Monitoring Technical Specifications" (GBZ188) , "Technical Specifications for Occupational Health Monitoring of Radiation Workers" (GBZ235) and other relevant regulations organize occupational health inspections before, during, and at the time of leaving, and inform the workers of the inspection results in writing and truthfully.

The cost of occupational health examination shall be borne by the employer.

Article 31 Employing units shall establish occupational health surveillance files for employees in accordance with the "Employing Unit Occupational Health Surveillance Supervision and Administration Measures" and keep them properly within the prescribed time limit.

Occupational health surveillance files shall include the laborer’s occupational history, occupational disease hazard exposure history, occupational health examination results, treatment results, occupational disease diagnosis and treatment, and other relevant personal health data.

When a worker leaves the employer, he has the right to request a copy of his occupational health surveillance file. The employer shall provide it truthfully and free of charge, and sign the copy provided.

Article 32 If the health of the worker needs to be diagnosed and identified for occupational diseases, the employer shall truthfully provide the occupational history and exposure history of occupational disease hazards, the detection results of occupational disease hazard factors in the workplace, and radiation work required for the diagnosis and identification of occupational diseases. Personnel personal dose monitoring results and other data.

Article 33 Employers shall not arrange for underage workers to engage in operations that are exposed to occupational disease hazards, or for workers with occupational taboos to perform operations that are prohibited by them, or for female workers during pregnancy or breastfeeding to engage in operations that are harmful to themselves, their fetuses, and babies. Hazardous operations.

Article 34 The employing unit shall establish and improve the following occupational health archives:

(1) Occupational disease prevention and control responsibility system documents;

(2) Occupational health management rules and regulations and operating procedures;

(3) Information on the types of occupational disease hazard factors in the workplace, the distribution of positions, and the contact status of workers;

(4) Basic information of occupational disease protection facilities and emergency rescue facilities, as well as their configuration, use, maintenance, overhaul and replacement records;

(5) Inspection, evaluation report and record of occupational disease hazard factors in the workplace;

(6) Records of the provision, distribution, maintenance and replacement of occupational disease protective equipment;

(7) Occupational health training materials for relevant personnel such as the main person in charge, occupational health management personnel, and workers in jobs with serious occupational disease hazards;

(8) Occupational disease hazard accident reports and emergency response records;

(9) A summary of the results of workers’ occupational health inspections, and records of the handling and placement of workers with occupational contraindications, occupational health damage or occupational diseases;

(10) Relevant materials about the "Three Simultaneities" of occupational disease protection facilities in construction projects;

(11) Relevant receipts or approval documents for the declaration of occupational disease hazard projects;

(12) Other materials or documents related to occupational health management.

Article 35 When an employer has an occupational disease hazard accident, it shall promptly report to the local health and health authority and relevant departments, and take effective measures to reduce or eliminate occupational disease hazard factors and prevent the accident from expanding. For workers who have suffered or may suffer from acute occupational disease hazards, the employer shall promptly organize treatment, conduct health examinations and medical observations, and bear the necessary expenses.

Employers must not deliberately destroy the scene of the accident or destroy relevant evidence, and must not delay, omit, falsely report or conceal occupational disease hazard accidents.

Article 36 When an employer discovers an occupational disease patient or a suspected occupational disease patient, it shall promptly report to the local health authority and relevant departments in accordance with national regulations.

Article 37 The employing unit shall cooperate with the administrative law enforcement personnel of the health department in performing their duties of supervision and inspection in accordance with the law, and shall not refuse or obstruct.

 

Chapter III Supervision and Administration

Article 38: The competent department of health and health shall supervise and inspect the implementation of relevant laws, regulations, rules and national occupational health standards by employers on the prevention and control of occupational diseases in accordance with the law, focusing on the following contents:

(1) The establishment or designation of occupational health management institutions or organizations, with full-time or part-time occupational health management personnel;

(2) The establishment, implementation and publication of occupational health management systems and operating procedures;

(3) Occupational health training of main persons in charge, occupational health management personnel, and workers in jobs with serious occupational disease hazards;

(4) The implementation of the "three simultaneous" system of occupational disease protection facilities in construction projects;

(5) Reporting status of occupational disease hazard items in the workplace;

(6) The monitoring, testing, evaluation and result reporting and publication of occupational disease hazards in the workplace;

(7) The configuration, maintenance, and maintenance of occupational disease protection facilities and emergency rescue facilities, as well as the distribution, management of occupational disease protection products, and the wearing and use of workers;

(8) Occupational disease hazard factors and hazard consequences warnings and notifications;

(9) Occupational health monitoring of workers and personal dose monitoring of radiation workers;

(10) Occupational disease hazard accident reports;

(11) Information on the relationship between workers’ health damage and occupational history, occupational disease hazards, etc.;

(12) Other situations that should be supervised and inspected in accordance with the law.

Article 39 The competent department of health and health shall establish a sound occupational health supervision and inspection system, strengthen the training of administrative law enforcement personnel on occupational health knowledge, and improve the professional quality of administrative law enforcement personnel.

Article 40: The competent department of health and health shall strengthen the supervision and management of the "three simultaneous" of the occupational disease protection facilities of construction projects, and establish and improve the file management system of relevant materials.

Article 41 The competent health department shall strengthen the management of qualification accreditation of occupational health technical service institutions and the supervision and inspection of technical service work, and supervise and urge occupational health technical service institutions to conduct occupational health technical services in a fair, just, objective and scientific manner.

Article 42 The competent department of health and health shall establish and improve the statistical analysis system for the prevention and control of occupational disease hazards, and strengthen the statistics and summary of the detection and evaluation results of occupational disease hazard factors of employers, occupational health surveillance information of workers, and occupational health supervision and inspection information. And analysis.

Article 43: The competent health department shall, in accordance with relevant regulations, support and cooperate with relevant departments and institutions in the diagnosis and identification of occupational diseases.

Article 44 When the administrative law enforcement personnel of the competent health department perform their duties of supervision and inspection in accordance with the law, they shall show valid law enforcement certificates.

Administrative law enforcement personnel shall be loyal to their duties, enforce the law impartially, and strictly abide by the law enforcement norms; the technical secrets, business secrets and personal privacy of the units under inspection shall be kept confidential.

Article 45 When performing supervision and inspection duties, the health and health authority shall have the right to take the following measures:

(1) Enter the inspected unit and workplace, conduct occupational disease hazard detection, understand the situation, investigate and collect evidence;

(2) Consult and copy the documents and materials related to the prevention and control of occupational disease hazards of the inspected unit, and collect relevant samples;

(3) Order units and individuals that violate occupational disease prevention laws and regulations to stop their illegal acts;

(4) Order to suspend operations that cause occupational disease hazard accidents, and seal up materials and equipment that cause occupational disease hazard accidents or may cause occupational disease hazard accidents;

(5) Organizing and controlling the scene of occupational disease hazard accidents.

After the occupational disease hazard accident or the hazardous state is effectively controlled, the health authority shall promptly remove the control measures specified in the fourth and fifth items of the preceding paragraph.

Article 46: In the event of an occupational disease hazard accident, the health authority shall report the accident and organize the investigation and handling of the accident in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

 

Chapter IV Legal Liability

Article 47 In any of the following circumstances, the employer shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit, be given a warning, and may concurrently impose a fine of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan:

(1) Failing to implement the separation of hazardous work from non-hazardous work, and the separation of workplaces from living places in accordance with regulations;

(2) The main person in charge and occupational health management personnel of the employing unit have not received occupational health training;

(3) Other violations of these regulations.

Article 48 In any of the following circumstances, the employing unit shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit and be given a warning; if it fails to make corrections within the time limit, a fine of less than 100,000 yuan shall be imposed:

(1) Failure to formulate occupational disease prevention and control plans and implementation plans in accordance with regulations;

(2) Failing to set up or designate an occupational health management agency or organization in accordance with regulations, or not be equipped with full-time or part-time occupational health management personnel;

(3) Failure to establish and improve occupational health management systems and operating procedures in accordance with regulations;

(4) Failing to establish and improve occupational health files and workers' health surveillance files in accordance with regulations;

(5) Failure to establish and improve the monitoring and evaluation system of occupational disease hazards in the workplace;

(6) Failing to publish the regulations, operating procedures, and emergency rescue measures for occupational disease hazard accidents in accordance with regulations;

(7) Failing to organize workers to conduct occupational health training in accordance with regulations, or failing to take effective guidance and supervision measures for workers' personal protection;

(8) The results of the inspection and evaluation of occupational disease hazard factors in the workplace are not archived, reported and announced in accordance with regulations.

Article 49 Where an employer has any of the following circumstances, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit, be given a warning, and may concurrently impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan:

(1) Failing to timely and truthfully report items that cause occupational disease hazards in accordance with regulations;

(2) Failing to implement routine monitoring of occupational disease hazard factors by a dedicated person, or the monitoring system cannot perform normal monitoring;

(3) Failing to inform the workers of the true situation of occupational disease hazards when entering into or changing the labor contract;

(4) Failing to organize workers to conduct occupational health inspections, establishing occupational health surveillance files, or failing to notify workers of the inspection results in writing in accordance with regulations;

(5) Failure to provide a copy of occupational health surveillance files when the worker leaves the employer in accordance with regulations.

Article 50 If an employer has any of the following circumstances, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit and be given a warning; if it fails to make corrections within the time limit, it shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, it shall be ordered to stop operations that cause occupational disease hazards. Or request the relevant people's government to order the shutdown in accordance with the authority prescribed by the State Council:

(1) The intensity or concentration of occupational disease hazards in the workplace exceeds the national occupational health standards;

(2) Failure to provide occupational disease protection facilities and occupational disease protection products used by workers, or the provided occupational disease protection facilities and occupational disease protection products used by workers do not meet the national occupational health standards and hygiene requirements;

(3) Failure to maintain, overhaul, and test occupational disease protection equipment, emergency rescue facilities, and workers’ occupational disease protection equipment in accordance with regulations, or fail to maintain normal operation and use conditions;

(4) Failing to detect and evaluate the status quo of occupational disease hazards in the workplace in accordance with regulations;

(5) When the occupational disease hazard factors in the workplace still fail to meet the national occupational health standards and hygiene requirements after treatment, the operation with occupational disease hazards is not stopped;

(6) An acute occupational disease hazard accident has occurred or may occur, and emergency rescue and control measures have not been taken immediately, or a timely report has not been made in accordance with regulations;

(7) Failing to set up warning signs and Chinese warning instructions in conspicuous positions at work posts that cause serious occupational disease hazards in accordance with regulations;

(8) Refusal to supervise and inspect by the competent health authority;

(9) Concealing, forging, falsifying, or destroying occupational health surveillance files, workplace occupational disease hazard factors detection and evaluation results and other relevant materials, or failing to provide the materials required for occupational disease diagnosis and appraisal;

(10) Failing to bear the expenses for diagnosis and appraisal of occupational diseases and the medical and living security expenses of patients with occupational diseases in accordance with regulations.

Article 51 Where an employer has one of the following circumstances, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit according to law, and shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 300,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, it shall be ordered to stop operations that cause occupational disease hazards, or refer to the relevant people’s government Order to close according to the authority prescribed by the State Council:

(1) concealing occupational disease hazards caused by technology, technology, equipment, and materials;

(2) Concealing the true situation of occupational health of the unit;

(3) Poisonous or hazardous workplaces or radiation workplaces where acute occupational injuries are likely to occur do not comply with relevant laws and regulations;

(4) Using equipment or materials that may cause occupational disease hazards that are expressly prohibited by the state;

(5) Transferring operations that cause occupational disease hazards to units and individuals without occupational disease protection conditions, or accepting operations that produce occupational disease hazards;

(6) Dismantle or stop using occupational disease protection equipment or emergency rescue facilities without authorization;

(7) Arranging workers who have not undergone occupational health inspections, workers with occupational taboos, underage workers, or female workers during pregnancy or breastfeeding to engage in operations that are exposed to occupational disease hazards or operations that are taboo;

(8) Violating regulations and forcing workers to carry out operations without occupational disease protection measures.

Article 52: Where an employer violates the provisions of the “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases” and has caused serious damage to the life and health of workers, it shall be ordered to stop operations that cause occupational disease hazards, or be submitted to the relevant people’s government to order closure in accordance with the authority prescribed by the State Council. , And impose a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan.

Where a major occupational disease hazard accident or other serious consequences constitutes a crime, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible persons shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the law.

Article 53 If an employer provides equipment or materials that may cause occupational disease hazards and fails to provide Chinese manuals or set warning signs and Chinese warning instructions in accordance with the regulations, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit, be given a warning, and impose a punishment of more than 50,000 yuan and 200,000 yuan. Fines below RMB yuan.

Article 54 If an employer fails to report an occupational disease or a suspected occupational disease in accordance with the regulations, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit, given a warning, and may be fined not more than 10,000 yuan; for fraud, a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan may be imposed.

Article 55: Where the competent health department and its administrative law enforcement personnel fail to report occupational disease hazard accidents in accordance with regulations, they shall be dealt with in accordance with relevant regulations; if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the law.

Article 56 The administrative penalties stipulated in these regulations shall be decided by the local health authorities at or above the county level. Where laws, administrative regulations, and relevant provisions of the State Council have other provisions on the administrative penalty decision authority, follow those provisions.

 

Chapter 5 Supplementary Provisions

Article 57 The meaning of the following terms in these provisions:

Workplace refers to all locations where workers conduct professional activities, including construction sites of construction units.

Employers with serious occupational disease hazards refer to employers in industries with serious occupational disease hazards listed in the catalog of occupational disease hazard risk classification management of construction projects. The catalogue of occupational disease hazard risk classification management for construction projects shall be promulgated by the National Health Commission. All provincial-level health authorities may make supplementary provisions on the classified management catalogue according to the actual conditions of their respective regions.

The "three simultaneous" of occupational disease protection facilities for construction projects means that the occupational disease protection facilities of the construction project and the main project are designed, constructed, and put into production and use at the same time.

Article 58 Other matters concerning the prevention and control of occupational diseases not stipulated in these regulations shall be implemented in accordance with the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases" and other relevant laws, regulations and rules.

Article 59 The management of radiation hygiene in medical institutions shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant regulations on the management of radiological diagnosis and treatment.

Article 60 These regulations shall come into force on February 1, 2021. The "Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Workplace Occupational Health" promulgated by the former State Administration of Work Safety on April 27, 2012 shall be repealed at the same time.

Order of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China

No.  5 

The "Regulations on the Administration of Occupational Hygiene in the Workplace" have been deliberated and adopted at the second committee meeting on December 4, 2020, and are hereby promulgated and will come into force on February 1, 2021.

Master   Ren       Ma Xiaowei

December 31, 2020

Hand hygiene is the main content of standard prevention and one of the most effective methods to prevent the spread of hospital-related pathogens. Among them:

Q1: When should I wash my hands or use hand sanitizers for hand sanitation?

1. Before touching the patient;

2. Before cleaning and aseptic operations, including before invasive operations;

3. After exposing the patient's body fluid risk, including after contacting the patient's mucous membrane, blood, body fluid, etc.;

4. After touching the patient;

5. After touching the surrounding environment of the patient, including touching the surface of the medical-related equipment and utensils around the patient.

Q2: How to properly do hand hygiene?

1. Keep in mind the "six-step hand washing method".

Take: Take an appropriate amount of hand sanitizer on the palm of your hand;

Inside: palms facing each other, fingers close together and rub each other;

Outside: the palms of the hands of the opponents rub each other along the finger joints, exchange;

Clamping: palms facing each other, with both hands crossed and kneading each other;

Bow: bend the fingers to make the joints rotate and rub in the palm of the other hand, exchange;

Large: Hold the thumb of the left hand with the right hand, rotate and knead, exchange;

Stand up: Put the tips of five fingers together on the palm of the other hand and rotate and rub. The exchange proceeds.

2. Quick-drying hand sanitizers are preferred, and hand sanitizers containing fluorine, ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, etc. are recommended.

2. Wear a mask correctly

Respiratory protection is the core of personal protection! Masks must be confirmed in a safe environment before they can be removed! In addition, you need to pay attention to:

1. Try to wear a mask before entering the indoor space.

2. Do not squeeze the mask with your hands, including N95 masks, can only isolate the virus on the surface of the mask. If you squeeze it by hand, the virus will wet the mask with the droplets, which will give the virus a chance.

3. Make sure that the mask is in good contact with the face as much as possible. After putting on the mask, exhale forcefully so that air cannot leak from the edge of the mask.

How should medical staff do personal protection during the epidemic?

Third, do a good job of facial skin protection

As medical staff on the front line of the epidemic, they often wear masks for several hours or even a day. So how can the skin problems caused by wearing a mask for a long time be alleviated?

1. Reduce the pressure on the skin

Make sure that the mask fits properly and the head strap is in place. If you are using an N95 mask, remember not to over tighten the respirator. If possible, remove the respirator regularly in a non-contaminated area.

2. Protect the skin from friction and moisture

Apply a skin protectant to alleviate the impact on the skin or cover the abraded area under the personal protective equipment that does not need to be closely attached to the skin.

3. Avoid affecting the tightness

Do not use thick creams, ointments, petroleum jelly, polyurethane foam dressings or hydrocolloids and other products that may affect the fit and tightness of personal protective equipment. If you use dressings, please choose the thinnest dressing available and execute Fit test.

4. How to choose skin protection products

Does not affect the airtightness of the mask and/or the fit of other facial personal protective equipment; will not fall off the skin and transfer to the facial personal protective equipment; prevent the skin from being rubbed and impregnated (waterproof); good breathability, moisture Does not collect on the skin; does not need to be removed or cleaned; it is not prone to dermatitis.

The above is the introduction of "How do medical staff do personal protection during the epidemic" provided by the editor of Linghe Technology. Doing personal protection can protect yourself and others. For the general population, wearing masks is one of the important means to prevent respiratory infections such as new coronary pneumonia. It is recommended not to use paper, cotton, sponge masks and activated carbon masks. You should choose medical surgical masks and wear medical masks and disposable masks correctly. It is not recommended to reuse it.